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The place names of the Maghreb come from a variety of origins, mostly Arabic and Berber, but including a few derived from Phoenician, Latin, and several other languages. This is well illustrated by the three largest cities of Algeria, for instance: Algiers from Arabic ''al-jazā'ir'' "the islands", Oran from ''wahran'' from Berber ''wa-iharan'' "place of lions" and Constantine (Arabic ''Qasantina'' قسنطينة) from the Latin name of the emperor Constantine. For a Phoenician name, one has to look a little harder; but take, for instance, Jijel, shortened from Latin ''Igilgili'', from Phoenician ''i gilgilt'' "Island of the Skull" (according to Lipinski.) Given the fact that Arabs founded very few cities in the regions they conquered, a large portion of cities in Arab countries have non-Arab etymologies. Many places, however, have had their names changed and "Arabized." The following toponymic elements are common in place names in the Maghreb: *''agadir'', granary, wall *''aghbal'' أغبال, spring. *''adrar'' أدرار, mountain. *''tit'' eye, source, plural ''tittawin''. *''aït'' or ''ath'' آيت, "sons of". *''ighrem'' "settlement" *''azrou'' أزرو, "stone" from "azru" *''berkane'' بركان, "black" from ''aberkan''. *''bordj'' برج, fort. from Latin *''bou'' بو, place of (literally "father of"). Maghrebi Arabic and , from abū أبو. *''casbah'' قصبة, old quarter of a town. *''chergui'' شرقي (pl. ''cheraga'' شراقة), eastern. *''chott'' شطّ, a swampy salt lake. Maghrebi Arabic, from ''shātī'' شاطئ *''dar'' دار, pl. ''diar'' ديار, home. *''djebel'' جبل, mountain. *''djemaa'' جامع, mosque. *''douar'' دوار, (traditionally) region about the size of a county *''erg'' "field of dunes" (in the Sahara.) *''foggara'' "irrigation channel" (in the Sahara.) *''gharbi'' غربي, "western" *''hamada'', "barren rock plain" (in the Sahara.) *''hamra'' f., ''hmar'' m. أحمر, "red" *''hassi'' حاسي, "well" (in the Sahara.) *''idhan'' "sand dunes", Tamahaq, the Tuareg language. *''ifrane'' "caves". *''ighil'' "hill". *''in'' "of", Tamahaq, Tuareg language. *''kalaa'' قلعة, "fortress". *''khemis'' خميس, "Thursday". *''ksar'' قصر, "fortified town, castle". from Latin ''castrum'' *''lalla'' لالاّ, "female saint". Maghrebi Arabic from *''larbâa'' "Wednesday". *''melloul'' ملول, ''mellal'' ملال, ''mellil'' مليل, "white" from ''amellal''. *''mersa'' مرسى, "port" *''n'' ن, "of" *''oued'' واد. Maghrebi Arabic from wādī وادي *''ouled'' ولاد, "sons of" Maghrebi Arabic from ''awlâd'' أولاد. *''ras'' راس, "cape, head" *''sebkha'' ou ''sabkha'', "salt pan" *''seghir'' صغير, "small" *''si'' سي or ''sidi'' سيدي, "male saint" *''souk'' سوق, "market" مرسى, search *''tadrart'' "the rock" Tamahaq. *''tala'' تالا, "spring" ; attested as early as Sallust's time in the form ''Thala''. *''tan, tin'' "of, in" Tamahaq. *''taourirt'' تاوريرت, "hill". *''tedles'' تدلس, "reeds". *''tehe'' "pass" Tamahaq, Tuareg language. *''tell'' تل, "hill" *''tizi'' تيزي, "pass" *''tell'' تل, "hill" *''Wahran'' وهران, "city", Literary *''wan'', ''win'' "of" Tamahaq. *''zaouia'' زاوية "Quranic school" Maghrebi Arabic, from "corner". *''zemmour'' زمور. ''azemmur'', f. ''tazemmurt'' "olive tree". *''Zenati'' زناتي, from the medieval tribe Zenata. *''zeriba'' زريبة, "stockade" *''zmala'' زمالة, pl. ''zmoul'' زمول "encampment" 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maghreb placename etymology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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